Automata: engineering for a post-oil world?

Our fascination with sophisticated technology lies at the core of many of our present-day problems. Yet, it need not be. By definition, technical virtuosity doesn't need to result in yet another electronic gadget or an even faster accelerating sports car. It can also lead to stunning yet completely harmless artefacts called "automata".

These are mostly hand-cranked machines that can be extremely complex, often with the only purpose of astonishing the spectator. Automata have been built for more than 2,000 years, but contemporary artists have elevated the craft to a higher level. Aside from their emotional value, automata offer a glimpse of a future, post-oil technology.

Above: Ludvik Cejp.

There is a lot to say about the history of automata, but it is the modern work that deserves attention. Contrary to the examples that can be found in museums and old documents, present-day automata do not try to hide their internal mechanisms. The purpose of an automaton is no longer to make a mechanical copy of reality. Today, builders of automata want to evoke emotions, they want to make us dream.

Automaton above : Arthur Gansen.

The often fragile combination of gears, wheels and wires, as well as the sounds they make, are now an important part of the whole. Yet, automata are no Rube Goldberg machines, in which the mechanisms have been made needlessly complex. The mechanism of an automaton can be extremely elaborate, but never needlessly so. The makers of automata are not mocking technology, they are celebrating it.

Hand-cranked

However, they celebrate another kind of technology than the one we have grown accustomed to. Automata make use of very simple materials, often wood and/or iron. Some contain scavenged materials. Most automata are hand-cranked, some are driven by wind, water or a small electric motor. None of them incorporate electronics. Embodied and operational energy use are almost zero.

 Automata by Graham Lane.

Medieval millwrights

Automata show that stunning complexity and sophisticated technology can go hand in hand with the simplest of materials and the lowest possible energy use. In other words, they prove that engineers can still really let themselves go in a post-oil world.

  Above: Ludvik Cejp.

On a purely technical level, the building of automata requires an ingenuity which is closely related to that of a medieval millwright. These builders of watermills, windmills and lifting devices also succeeded in constructing machines which performed many diverse, complex and precise operations with the use of very basic materials and limited energy sources.

This analogy is interesting, because contrary to watermills, windmills and human powered cranes, automata have been developed further throughout the twentieth century. This means that they can teach us some unique things when it comes to designing future technologies.

 Automata by Fourteen Balls Toy. Picture above: "The banana ripener".

Enough said. Automata should be watched when they come alive. Pictures and words don't do them right. For the layman, it's hard to conceive how one simple twist of a hand crank can launch so many different movements at often unpredictable time intervals. Check out the videos and links below.

Carlos Zapata (more works)

Keith Newsteadt ( more works)

Arthur Ganson (more works)

Don't miss this one

Links :

• Spiel und Kunst mit Technik (Kugelbahn). Blog.
• Lezard Méchanique. Blog.
• Makezine (tag toys & games). Blog.
• Automata and Automaton links (Dug North). More automata links.
• Automata Links (Kugelbahn). More automata links.
• Cabaret Mechanical Theatre. More automata links.
• Theo Jansen. Wind powered automata.
• Royal de Luxe. Giant marionettes.
• Jean Tinguely. Kinetic sculptures.

Related articles

• The mechanical transmission of power (1): Stangenkunst
• The mechanical transmission of power (2): jerker line systems
• The mechanical transmission of power (3): endless rope drives
• Life before television
• 507 Mechanical Movements
• The optical telegraph: email in the 18th century
• The forgotten future of the stationary bicycle: pedal powered farms & factories
• Wind powered factories: history and future of industrial windmills
• Scale models of industrial windmills
• Gaming unplugged

Main page.

 

Above: Chris Fitch.

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Comments

[tOM Trottier]

(1)

Tinker toys and mechano sets have been used to make many amusing automata.

[recovering progressive]

(2)

I love how we have such a wealthy and opulent society that we can muse about using absurdly complicated devices for tasks that modern devices can do very cheaply and simply. If the oil does run out, including the current TRILLIONS (100 years of oil at today's usage) of barrels of untapped shale oil reserves, and is not replaced by coal liquefaction, natural gas, solar or battery power, then I guess these Automata could be useful for transportation devices (also assuming bicycles become extinct). Since it is transportation that is the greatest draw on oil; FYI oil is not used to generate electricity in very large amounts.

[Kris De Decker]

(3)

"Engineering for a post fossil fuel world" or "post carbon world" would have been a more correct title, yes. It's not about transportation.

I am hoping that you will leave the untapped shale oil reserves and coal beds in the ground. I am aware of these energy resources, but burning them all up looks like a bad idea to me.

[MikeM_inMd]

(4)

"... but it is the modern work that deserves attention."

Why? All you show are things that doing nothing but amuse (maybe) and give the creator a chance to say, "Aren't I clever." This has nothing to do with "engineering in a post-oil world". It is only art.

[Kris De Decker]

(5)

@ MikeM_inMd

Aren't engineers supposed to be clever? Was Leonardo da Vinci an artist or an engineer? I think there is a borderland between art and engineering and that is where new ideas are born.

[ben]

(6)

Very inspiring, i like seeing the "complex in the trivial" for me that is where worlds are created and destroyed